NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics.

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.

Symptoms of sleep disorders and objective academic performance.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the academic performance of children with and without symptoms of sleep disorders (SSD). METHODS: We distributed 5400 questionnaires (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children [SDSC], Brazilian version) to 7- to 10-year-old children at public elementary schools in São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed the academic grades of Portuguese (Port) and Mathematics (Math) in 2384 children (1224 girls; 51%). Grades were assigned on a scale of 0-10 and five was considered a passing grade. Children with symptoms of sleep disorders (SSD) and symptoms of sleep-breathing disorders (SSBD) were compared to children with no symptoms of SSD (no-SSD). RESULTS: Mean Port (6.6±2.2) and Math (6.3±2.2) grades were lower in children with SSD or sleep-breathing disorders (SBD) than those among children with no-SSD (Port, 7.1±2.1 and Math, 7.1±2.1; P<.05). Boys with SSD or SSBD had lower grades (Port, 6.4±2.2 and Math, 6.1±2.2) than girls (Port, 6.9±2.2 and Math, 6.5±2.2; P<.05). There were more children with failing Port grades with SSD or SSBD (13%) than those among children with no-SSD (9%; P<.05). Regarding Math, 25.4% of SSD or SSBD children had failing grades vs. 8.4% of children with no-SSD (P<.05). CONCLUSION: In our sample, children with SSD particularly SBD were at increased risk for poor academic performance in Math and Port.

Tratamento ortopédico-funcional das fraturas do côndilo mandibular em crianças: relato de casos / Functional orthopedic treatment of mandibular condyle fractures in children: case reports

Este artigo apresenta uma revisäo de literatura sobre métodos de tratamento (cirúrgico ou conservador) de fraturas de côndilo mandibular em crianças e suas conseqüências (anquilose e/ou assimetria), com apresentaçäo de dois casos clínicos tratados conservadoramente com aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais